Mississippian limestone

The Mississippian-age limestone of the North American midcontinent (NAMC) is a valuable unconventional, very fine-grained, low-porosity and low-permeability mixed carbonate-siliciclastic reservoir in Oklahoma and Kansas. Although over 14,000 vertical wells have been producing oil and gas from these Mississippian-age reservoirs for over 50 ...

Bear Gulch Limestone. / 46.95; -109. The Bear Gulch Limestone is a limestone -rich geological lens in central Montana, renowned for the quality of its late Mississippian -aged fossils. It is exposed over a number of outcrops northeast of the Big Snowy Mountains, and is often considered a component of the more widespread Heath Formation.The Mississippian limestone is a prolific hydrocarbon play in the northern region of Oklahoma, and southern part of Kansas. The Mississippian reservoirs feature variations in produced fluids ...Bullslaughter Bay in southern Pembrokeshire, UK, exposes sections of Upper Mississippian limestone strata. In many places, the rock suffered an isovolumetric alteration during a period of sea-level oscillations. We used multiple approaches to study the weathered rocks, ...Sep 1, 2023 · At the Boyhood Home Unit, resources include a 3-ha (7-ac) field, rural 19th century landscape, Knob Creek and its tributaries, rare limestone glades (occurring on limestone outcroppings on south- or west-facing slopes characterized by shallow rocky soils and unique flora that have adapted to the harsh dry conditions), unusually diverse and ... TEMPER: This type name is applied to all limestone-tempered plain pottery. ... VESSEL FORM: Vessel forms are most commonly the standard Mississippian globular or sub-globular jars, but also include simple bowls, globular bottles with low to medium high vertical neck, flat-bottomed dishes (rare), and a vast number of effigy forms. Appendages ...

The Mississippian Limestone ranges from between 49 to 171 feet (15 to 52 m) in thickness, while generally being thinner towards the southern part of the Tobosa Basin. The Barnett Shale is the second formation to have developed during the Mississippian Period.1.3" Mississippian Fossil Ammonite - Bear Gulch Limestone (Item #262970), Ammonite Fossils for sale. FossilEra your source to quality fossil specimens.The Madison Limestone is a thick sequence of mostly carbonate rocks of Mississippian age in the Rocky Mountain and Great Plains areas of the western United States. The rocks serve as an important aquifer as well as an oil reservoir in places.These conditions lasted through the Mississippian Period, during which time limestone and occasionally shales were deposited. During the Pennsylvanian Period, the land was flat and near sea level. Deposits of this period are unusual in that they show a regular alternation of sandstone, shale, limestone, shale, and sandstone.Mississippian Effigy Pipes. Mississippian effigy pipes tended to be large sculptures that rested on the ground when smoked. Human figures often dominated the pipes' shapes. 0 Items. View as catalogue View as cards View as list. No content available yet. Please check back soon.Chapter contents: Cnidaria – 1. Anthozoa –– 1.1 Scleractinia –– 1.2 Rugosa ← –– 1.3 Tabulata –– 1.4 Octocorallia – 2. Hydrozoa – 3. Cubozoa – 4. ScyphozoaA Virtual Collection of 3D models of rugose corals may be accessed here.Above: Small rugose corals from Ordovician limestone near Cincinnati, Ohio.Overview Rugose corals are an extinct …

Age: Early and Middle Mississippian Period Distribution: Northern Arkansas, Ozark Plateaus; southwestern Missouri and eastern Oklahoma Geology: The Boone Formation consists of gray, fine- to coarse-grained …Colorado, Tournaisian beds of the Mississippian Leadville Limestone overlie rocks of Early Mississippian and Late Devo­ nian age. In the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in north-central New Mexico, the oldest beds are the Tournaisian (zone 9) Espiritu Santo Formation. In west-central New Mexico, in the29. 8. 2020 ... Abstract. Two types of breccia are found in the Mississippian Leadville Limestone, Paradox Basin, southeastern Utah: (1) breccia associated ...This mineral is found throughout the Mississippian limestone beds in lenses and amorphous shapes. Sometimes it is a trace fossil, as the worm burrows from the image below from taken in the Root …Monteagle Limestone of Late Mississippian age is divisible into two mappable members. This paper describes those members and proposes a name for the upper member. The St. Louis Limestone and other underlying rocks of Missis­ sippian age can be traced into south-central Kentucky from west­ ern Kentucky in nearly continuous outcrop.

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In the Snake Range, movement of large (≥0.10 km 3) slide blocks of Mississippian limestone exposed 50 km to the east of the Heise field occurred between 6.3 and 5.5 Ma and may have been catastrophically triggered by the caldera eruption of the 5.51 ± 0.13-Ma Conant Creek Tuff. This slide block movement of ∼300 vertical meters …In eastern Kentucky, in the narrow outcrop belt along the Pottsville (Cumberland) Escarpment at the western edge of the Appalachian basin, the unconformity is marked by paleochannels as much as 200 ft deep and, locally, by paleokarst topography developed on underlying Mississippian limestone.West Virginia fossil coral was designated the official state gem of West Virginia in 1990. All State Gems - All State Fossils Fossil coral is not technically a gemstone, but rather the silicified Mississippian fossil coral Lithostrotionella, preserved as the siliceous mineral chalcedony (chalcedony is found in Hillsdale Limestone in portions of Greenbrier and Pocahontas counties of West ...At the Boyhood Home Unit, resources include a 3-ha (7-ac) field, rural 19th century landscape, Knob Creek and its tributaries, rare limestone glades (occurring on limestone outcroppings on south- or west-facing slopes characterized by shallow rocky soils and unique flora that have adapted to the harsh dry conditions), unusually diverse and ...

developed in the Mississippian St. Louis limestone. Most are “epiphreatic,” as they have flowing streams that provide subsurface. drainage for overlying sinkhole plains that can have > 100 ...limestone; (2) Upper Devonian and Mississippian shale and shaly limestone (Woodford Shale); and (3) Pennsylvanian and Permian basinal shale facies. Major hydrocarbon generation probably occurred in Permian time. Generated hydrocarbons migrated, probably long distances, into porous fractures and joints in lower Paleozoic carbonates.Limestone, Sandstone, Dolomite and Examples. ... The Mississippian strip log was drafted by a geologist from examination of drill-cuttings with a binocular microscope. it shows a succession of interbedded limestones, dolomites, and dolomitic limestones with variable mounts of chert content as indicated by the number of triangle chert symbols. ...Limestone’s most common use is as a crushed construction material, serving as a base for roads and ballast in railroads, but it also combines with crushed shale in a kiln to make cement and serves as an aggregate material in concrete. Limes...MISSISSIPPIAN PLATEAUS. As implied by the name, the Mississippian Plateaus area is the region of Mississippian outcrop, particularly the middle and upper parts of the system, but it is better defined by its topographic boundaries. ... In southern Casey County in the southern Pennyroyal a Pottsville-capped limestone (Ste. Genevieve-Chester) knob ...The Mississippian System in Kentucky is represented by mostly marine sedimentary rocks which originally extended across the entire State. These rocks record a widespread shallowing of the seas during Mississippian time, with basinal and prodeltaic shales and siltstones succeeded by shelf limestones andThe surficial aquifer is underlain by limestone bedrock of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian age. These limestone units have low permeability and poor water quality with depth. As such, these units are not a reliable water resource (Schicht, 1965), but form a fairly impermeable boundary that guide groundwater toward the Mississippi River.We have determined how stratigraphy and lithofacies control pore structures in the Mississippian limestone and chert reservoir of north-central Oklahoma. There are 17 lithofacies and 29 high-frequency cycles documented in the Mississippian interval of …29. 8. 2020 ... Abstract. Two types of breccia are found in the Mississippian Leadville Limestone, Paradox Basin, southeastern Utah: (1) breccia associated ...

The Mississippian ( / ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi.ən / miss-ə-SIP-ee-ən, [5] also known as Lower Carboniferous or Early Carboniferous) is a subperiod in the geologic timescale or a subsystem of the geologic record. It is the earlier of two subperiods of the Carboniferous period lasting from roughly 358.9 to 323.2 million years ago.

In supplemental statement on the Mississippian of Iowa: Kansas Geological Society Guide Book, Ninth Annual Field Conference, o. 246, 1935, Lauden excluded from the Hampton formation the lower part of the Chapin limestone of north-central Iowa and the North Hill limestone of southeastern Iowa, which he correlated with the Chouteau limestone of ...Mississippian Period. Shallow, low-latitude seas and lush, terrestrial swamps covered the interior of the North American continent during the Mississippian Period of the Paleozoic Era, from about 360 to 320 million years ago.The Pennsylvanian and Mississippian Periods are uniquely American terms for the upper and lower …Mississippian limestone and chert reservoirs, Tonkawa Field, North-Central Oklahoma / Anna M. Turnini, Matthew J. Pranter, and Kurt J. Marfurt Evidence of fault-fracture "hydrothermal" reservoirs in the southern midcontinent Mississippian carbonates / Priyank Jaiswal, Jay M. Gregg, Shawna Parks, Robert Holman, Sahar Mohammadi, and G. Michael ...REGIONAL SETTING. Age of Rocks —The rocks of the area date back about 325 million years 1 to that division of geological time called the Mississippian Period. Vast regions of this state and many others were then covered by shallow seas in which layer upon layer of clay, silt, sand, and limestone were forming.Top of Mississippian Limestone. The top of the Mississippian is an erosional surface, as has already been pointed out. As a result of structural distortion, peneplanation, and mild dissection, different Mississippian formations were exposed in different areas on this surface when it was submerged and covered by Pennsylvanian deposits. Jul 7, 2023 · Leadville limestone here restricted to the Mississippian limestones of Colorado, and the new name Chaffee formation is introduced for the Devonian rocks of Colorado in areas to north and east of southwestern Colorado, where the Devonian limestone will continue to be called Ouray limestone and the underlying Devonian formation will continue to be called Elbert formation. The Mississippian Leadville Limestone was deposited as an open-marine, carbonate-shelf system highlighted with crinoid banks, peloid/oolitic shoals, and small Waulsortian mounds. These Mississippian environments have modern analogues in south Florida and the Bahamas. Understanding these facies and depositional patterns within the Paradox Basin ...The Mississippian Limestone is interpreted to have been deposited on a carbonate platform to the north and is overlain by the Barnett Formation, that was deposited as deep-water hemipelagic sedimentation in prevailing suboxic to anoxic conditions. Recent production from the Barnett in south-central Andrews County, Texas, indicates …The basins are outlines by a contour indicating a thickness of 650 feet between the base of the Hertha limestone and the top of the the Mississippian limestone. The deepest part of the basin is outlined by the 1000-foot thickness contour. Data for northeastern Kansas are adapted from figures 17 and 18 of this report; for Missouri in part after McQueen and …Mississippian hill, as these patches usually do. North, east, and south the Mississippian surface falls a hundred feet or more. In a hill close by, the Lower Mercer limestone is found only 50 feet above the Maxville—an interval that is usually 120 to 150 feet between the Lower Mercer limestone and the base of the Pennsylvanian.

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Mississippian rocks in Kansas can be divided into two general lithologic sequences. The older sequence is a group of shallow-marine limestones, cherts, and cherty limestones that are Kinderhookian, Osagean, and Meramecian in age (fig. 7). Many of the groups of rocks targeted in the Mississippian limestone play are part of that sequence.The Mississippian Plateau or Pennyroyal Region, shown in orange on the map, consists of a limestone plain characterized by tens of thousands of sink holes, sinking streams, streamless valleys, springs, and caverns. The term "karst" is used to define this type of terrain. The Karst terraine of the Mississippian Plateau occurs because the bedrock ...The “Mississippian Limestone” was deposited as part of an extensive carbonate system stretching from the Transcontinental Arch in the northwest across …At the end of Mississippian time, as the sea receded, shale, limestone, and sandstone were deposited, and there is an unconformity between Mississippian time and Pennsylvanian time, implying again that the entire state was above water for some additional time and subject to erosion (Spencer 2011).Mississippian Limestone and Chert Reservoirs, Tonkawa Field, North-Central Oklahoma. Evidence of Fault-Fracture "Hydrothermal" Reservoirs in the Southern Midcontinent Mississippian Carbonates. Correlation of Seismic Attributes and Geomechanical Properties to the Rate of Penetration in the Mississippian Limestone, Oklahoma.The Mississippian Limestone ranges from between 49 to 171 feet (15 to 52 m) in thickness, while generally being thinner towards the southern part of the Tobosa Basin. The Barnett Shale is the second formation to have developed during the Mississippian Period. The Madison Limestone of Mississippian age is 1,000 feet thick and is exposed in spectacular vertical cliffs along canyons in the north, west, and south parts of the Tetons. It is noted for the abundant remains of beautifully preserved marine organisms (fig. 39).The “Mississippian Limestone” of the Mid-Continent United States is a complex and highly heterogeneous hydrocarbon play. Its heterogeneity is largely due to the mixed siliciclastic and carbonate nature of the Mid-Continent Mississippian system which yields complex reservoir lithologies and distributions that are laterally The Madison Limestone of Mississippian age is 1,000 feet thick and is exposed in spectacular vertical cliffs along canyons in the north, west, and south parts of the Tetons. It is noted for the abundant remains of beautifully preserved marine …The surficial aquifer is underlain by limestone bedrock of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian age. These limestone units have low permeability and poor water quality with depth. As such, these units are not a reliable water resource (Schicht, 1965), but form a fairly impermeable boundary that guide groundwater toward the Mississippi River.Maxville Limestone; Rushville, Logan, and Cuyhoga Formations, Undivided (Mississippian) at surface, covers 14 % of this area. Shale, siltstone, and sandstone, interbedded; various shades of gray, yellow to brown weather similar color; sandstone, silty to granular, local stringers of quartz pebbles. Shale, clayey to silty, locally fossiliferous. ….

Indiana limestone, like all limestone, is a rock primarily formed of calcium carbonate. It was deposited over millions of years as marine fossils decomposed at the bottom of a shallow inland sea which covered most of the present-day Midwestern United States during the Mississippian Period. Mississippian people engaged in elaborate ritual that surely reflected their beliefs in the supernatural and helped them define, maintain, and replicate complex patterns of political and social organization. ... elsewhere in the Middle Cumberland area large cemeteries are found with individuals interred in boxes constructed from limestone slabs ...Limestone (Mississippian) northern Black Warrior Basin, Alabama and. Mississippi, p. 34-54: Guide Book, Seventeenth Field Trip, April 20-21, 1978 ...Jan 27, 2013 · Purpose and nature of the Work. This report presents a part of the results of a cooperative investigation of the Mississippian rocks in Kansas conducted jointly by the State Geological Survey of Kansas and the Federal Geological Survey during a period of nearly four years, beginning September 1, 1935, and ending July 1, 1939. In Arkansas, the aquifer is composed entirely of the Boone Formation of Mississippian age and is characterized by gray crinoidal limestone and interbedded chert. Its basal member, the St. Joe Limestone, lacks the chert nodules common to the upper part of the formation and is less than 60 feet thick.Mississippian: dolomitic limestone: 244 m (800 ft) Mission Canyon Formation: Osagian: white bioclastic limestone, oolitic calcarenite, occasionally dolomitized; anhydrite in the Williston Basin: 183 m (600 ft) Lodgepole Formation: Kinderhookian: lime mudstones, shale, chert, contains bitumen: 245 m (800 ft) See moreThe lithological heterogeneity of the Mississippian Limestone interval, and lack of well-constrained biostratigraphic control, complicates investigations of the Mississippian Limestone interval ...Abstract Mississippian Meramec reservoirs of the Sooner Trend in the Anadarko (Basin) in Canadian and Kingfisher Counties (STACK) play are comprised of silty limestones, calcareous siltstones, argillaceous calcareous siltstones, argillaceous siltstones, and mudstones. We found that core-defined reservoir lithologies are related to petrophysics-based rock types derived from porosity ...The Mississippian Limestone interval in the Mid-Continent region of the U.S.A. is considered to be part of the 2 nd order Kaskaskia supersequence defined by Sloss (1963), and is a constituent interval of a large carbonate depositional system which extended from the Transcontinental Arch and into present day Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma and Texas ...Abstract. We report a large, positive, carbon isotope excursion in the Kinderhookian Stage of the Lower Mississippian in North America and propose that the excursion is linked to the Antler orogeny. The δ 13 C excursion reaches +7.1‰ in the upper part of the Joana Limestone in southeast Nevada and correlates with peaks recognized … Mississippian limestone, Correlation of Seismic Attributes and Geomechanical Properties to the Rate of Penetration in the Mississippian Limestone, Oklahoma. 2D Multi-Spectral Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Model for Geobody Segmentation. Pore-throat structures and their control of terrestrial lacustrine tight reservoir quality: The Permian Lucaogou Formation, Jimsar Sag ..., The surface of the Mississippian limestone is quite irregular in this region and dips to the west at the rate of about thirty feet per mile. A number of ridges and "domes" have been discovered by study of well records, all of which apparently represent pre-Pennsylvanian erosion rather than folding. It is reported that the Cherryvale anticline ..., The Redwall Limestone is assigned by evolutionary geologists to the so-called Mississippian Period (or the Lower Carboniferous to Europeans and Australians), said to have been 310-355 million years ago,3 whereas the Muav Limestone is said to belong to the so-called Cambrian Period, believed to be 510-570 million years ago.4 That means that ..., Pure limestone is made up of two component minerals: calcium carbonate and calcium-magnesium carbonate. The chemical formula for calcium carbonate is CaCO3. The chemical formula for calcium-magnesium carbonate is CaMg(CO3)2., Mississippian rocks in Kansas can be divided into two general lithologic sequences. The older sequence is a group of shallow-marine limestones, cherts, and cherty limestones that are Kinderhookian, Osagean, and Meramecian in age (fig. 7). Many of the groups of rocks targeted in the Mississippian limestone play are part of that sequence., In many places, Lower Mississippian gray limestone is overlain by Lower to Middle Pennsylvanian red sandstone and mudstone. Rarely can any angularity be detected at outcrop scale. The contact is locally marked by an irregular erosion surface that may be mantled by weathered cherty limestone debris, bedded conglomerate, and red “tera …, Background Information about the Mississippian Lime. The Mississippian Lime (ML), a carbonate formation that primarily produces oil, underlies a large portion of Northern Oklahoma and Southern ..., The limestone in the cave is Bangor limestone formed about 325 million years ago during the Mississippian period, Sandy Ebersole said. ... “You have the Mississippian limestone, you have the ..., This becomes particularly critical when exploring and producing in tight or fracture dominated reservoirs such as that of the Mississippian limestone in the study area on the Northern Shelf of the Anadarko basin, Oklahoma. Previous work has defined brittleness on the basis of mineralogy or elastic rock parameters., The new dates also provide additional high-precision age constraints for the improved calibration of the Mississippian time scale. Using the new dates, the stratigraphical age of the Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation, Midland Valley of Scotland, is revised from Holkerian to early Asbian. ... Duncan McLean, Bituminous coals on …, The “Mississippian Limestone” was deposited as part of an extensive carbonate system stretching from the Transcontinental Arch in the northwest across …, The Mississippian limestones include representatives of the Kinderhook, Osage, Meramec, and Chester series. They were deposited on a nearly flat surface on the Chattanooga shale. After their deposition they were gently folded and elevated and the subsequent erosion reduced the surface in pre-Pennsylvanian time to a nearly flat horizontal peneplain., The limestone rock quality on the new site is unsuited for holding an image, and the painting must be regularly restored. ... It may have been an older iconograph from the large Mississippian culture city of Cahokia, which began developing about 900 CE. The location of the image was at the river bluff "gate" to the American Bottoms valley ..., Mississippian rocks dominate the western edge of the Inland Basin, but they are also found in smaller outcrops throughout the region. ... The world's longest known cave system, Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, is found in Mississippian limestone. Stalagmites forming in Onyx Cave, Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky., In northwestern GA, northeastern AL, and southeastern TN, Bangor Limestone caps a 300-450-m-thick Mississippian carbonate sequence. In northwestern GA, the Bangor is subdivided into carbonate-rich lower and upper members and a clastic-rich middle member, while correlative strata in west-central AL are assigned to the clastic Parkwood Formation., Is 250 ft thick in east part of area and about 400 ft thick near Pilot Knob in central-west part of area. Consists of uniformly massive blue-gray limestone. Some chert nodules. Fragments of crinoids and a single coral are all the fossils found. Mississippian age. Source: GNU records (USGS DDS-6; Denver GNULEX)., Feb 25, 2015 · Background Information about the Mississippian Lime. The Mississippian Lime (ML), a carbonate formation that primarily produces oil, underlies a large portion of Northern Oklahoma and Southern ... , It is the oldest Mississippian limestone west of the Nemaha anticline where it averages about 10 feet in thickness but ultimately it wedges out toward the west upon the red, weathered surface of the Chattanooga shale. Toward the east its thickness increases to 30 feet near the Missouri river. , The Mississippian ( / ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi.ən / miss-ə-SIP-ee-ən, [5] also known as Lower Carboniferous or Early Carboniferous) is a subperiod in the geologic timescale or a subsystem of the geologic record. It is the earlier of two subperiods of the Carboniferous period lasting from roughly 358.9 to 323.2 million years ago., Jun 11, 2012 · The Mississippian limestone or Mississippi Lime play started around 2009 with the first horizontal wells in Oklahoma with SandRidge Energy leading the way. Three years later, companies like Devon, High Mount, and Calyx are opening up a horizontal Woodford play in the same area. , In many places, Lower Mississippian gray limestone is overlain by Lower to Middle Pennsylvanian red sandstone and mudstone. Rarely can any angularity be detected at outcrop scale. The contact is locally marked by an irregular erosion surface that may be mantled by weathered cherty limestone debris, bedded conglomerate, and red “tera …, Age: Early and Middle Mississippian Period Distribution: Northern Arkansas, Ozark Plateaus; southwestern Missouri and eastern Oklahoma Geology: The Boone Formation consists of gray, fine- to coarse-grained …, Abstract We have determined how stratigraphy and lithofacies control pore structures in the Mississippian limestone and chert reservoir of north-central Oklahoma. There are 17 lithofacies and 29 high-frequency cycles documented in the Mississippian interval of this study. The high-frequency cycles have thicknesses ranging from 0.3 to 30.5 m (1–100 ft) …, The Mississippian Limestone ranges from between 49 to 171 feet (15 to 52 m) in thickness, while generally being thinner towards the southern part of the Tobosa Basin. The Barnett Shale is the second formation to have developed during the Mississippian Period. , Mississippian limestone units in the area (Tin Mountain, Stone Canyon, and Santa Rosa Hills Limestones) accumulated on the outer part of a broad carbonate platform that extended southwest across Nevada into east-central California. Carbonate sedimentation was interrupted by a major eustatic sea-level fall that has been interpreted to record the ..., Embry has modified Dunham's classification and Klovan (1971) to include coarse grained carbonate s (above figure). In their revised scheme, a wackestone in which the grains are greater than 2mm in size is termed a floatstone and a coarse grainstone is called a rudstone. Both terms are extremely useful in description of limestone s., Mississippian–early Permian Central Colorado Trough samples, paleocurrent measurements, ... (AROM1) was collected from an ~1-m-thick, lenticular sandstone within the Leadville Limestone. At this location, the limestone is a black-gray micrite, which contains sparse fossils, occasional beds composed of micritic intraclasts, …, Abstract. The thickness of the Mississippian limestones in central and eastern Kansas bears a close relation to the geologic structure features of the state, and …, At McKnight Canyon section, base of section is marked by high-angle normal faults which have dropped the Beaverhead against Triassic Thaynes formation and Mississippian Madison. Contact between Beaverhead and Pennsylvanian Quadrant obscured by talus. At top of section, a plate of Madison limestone has been thrust over Beaverhead formation., Top of Mississippian Limestone. The top of the Mississippian is an erosional surface, as has already been pointed out. As a result of structural distortion, peneplanation, and mild dissection, different Mississippian formations were exposed in different areas on this surface when it was submerged and covered by Pennsylvanian deposits., Named for. the red appearance of its escarpment on either side of the Grand Canyon [3] Named by. Gilbert (1875) [3] The Redwall Limestone is a resistant cliff-forming unit of Mississippian age that forms prominent, red-stained cliffs in the Grand Canyon, ranging in height from 500 feet (150 m) to 800 feet (240 m)., Mississippian invertebrates from the Lodgepole Limestone. Posted by Callan Bentley. Last summer, after our summit of Sacagawea Peak in the Bridger Range, my students and I spent some pleasant time poking around among the lateral moraines and talus slopes of Sacagawea Cirque. We found some lovely fossils in the blocks of Mississippian Madison ..., Common inclusions/tempers: Cross section of fiber-tempered sherd showing cross section of channel pores from burned out fibers. Cross section of fiber-tempered sherd showing a few carbonized fibers. Thin section view of fiber-tempered sherd showing carbonized fibers in some fiber temper voids (width of image 2.5mm; PPL, 4x)